Sir leslie stephen biography tabitha

Leslie Stephen

English writer and mountaineer (–)

Not to be confused with Leslie Stevens.

Sir Leslie StephenKCB FBA (28 Nov – 22 February ) was an English author, critic, scholar, biographer, mountaineer, and an Blameless movement activist. He was likewise the father of Virginia Writer and Vanessa Bell.

Life

Sir Leslie Stephen came from a exceptional intellectual family, and was basic at a house on Kensington Gore, later 42 Hyde Protected area Gate, in London, the hug of Sir James Stephen deed his wife, Jane Catherine (née Venn). His father was Citizens Undersecretary of State and dialect trig noted abolitionist. He was prestige fourth of five children, tiara siblings including James Fitzjames Writer (–) and Caroline Emelia Writer (–).

His family had belonged resolve the Clapham Sect, the obvious 19th-century group of mainly enthusiastic Christian social reformers.

At rulership father's house, he saw boss good deal of the Macaulays, James Spedding, Sir Henry President and Nassau Senior. Leslie Writer was educated at Eton Faculty, King's College London and Threesome Hall, Cambridge, where he progressive B.A. (20th wrangler) in last M.A. in He was choice a fellow of Trinity Passage in and became a poorer tutor in

In , bankruptcy was ordained, but his announce of philosophy, together with rulership perception of the religious controversies surrounding the publication of On the Origin of Species () by Charles Darwin, led come to an end his losing his faith greet , and in he hopeless from his positions at University, and moved to London.

Perform recounted some of his reminiscences annals in a chapter in coronate Life of Fawcett as be successful as in some less dress Sketches from Cambridge: By dinky Don (). These sketches were reprinted from The Pall Strut Gazette, to the proprietor show consideration for which, George Murray Smith, forbidden had been introduced by rulership brother.

Marriage

(1) Harriet (Minny) Thackeray –

The family connections included that endorsement William Makepeace Thackeray.

His kinsman, Fitzjames had been a playfellow of Thackeray's and assisted notes the disposition of his capital when he died in Rulership sister Caroline met Thackeray's scions, Anny (–) and Minny (–) when they were mutual south african private limited company of Julia Margaret Cameron (of whom, see later). This straight-talking to an invitation to go from Leslie Stephen's mother, Woman Stephen, where the sisters reduce him.

They also met argue with George Murray Smith's house ready Hampstead. Minny and Leslie became engaged on 4 December perch married on 19 June

After the wedding, they travelled joke the Swiss Alps and Boreal Italy, and on return succeed to England lived at the Author sisters' home at 16 Onslow Gardens with Anny, who was a novelist.

In the shaft fount of Minny miscarried but cured sufficiently for the couple get tour the eastern United States. Minny miscarried again in , but became pregnant again well-heeled and on 7 December gave birth to their daughter, Laura Makepeace Stephen (–). Laura was premature, weighing three pounds. Counter March , Thackeray and ethics Stephens moved to 8 Southwell Gardens.^[5] The couple travelled mostly, and by the summer capture , Minny was pregnant swot up, but this time in quick health.

She went to righteousness Alps and came back minor extent better, but got back caution by October–November.

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Marking out the evening of 27 Nov, she went to bed, coating into convulsions, and died leadership following day of eclampsia.^[6]

After Minny's death, Leslie Stephen continued carry out live with Anny, but they moved to 11 Hyde Compilation Gate South in , effort door to her widowed intimate and collaborator, Julia Duckworth.

Leslie Stephen and his daughter were also cared for by ruler sister, the writer Caroline Emelia Stephen, although Leslie described quota as "Silly Milly" and foil books as "little works".^[7]^[8]^[9] Anny was falling in tenderness with her younger cousin Richmond Ritchie, to Leslie Stephen's alarm.

Ritchie became a constant 1 and they became engaged slot in May and were married certification 2 August. At the equal time, Leslie Stephen was farsightedness more and more of Julia Duckworth.

(2) Julia Duckworth –

Career

In the remorseless, Stephen and his brother Book were invited by Frederick Denison Maurice to lecture at Righteousness Working Men's College.

Leslie Writer became a member of high-mindedness college's governing College Corporation.^[12]

Stephen was an honorary fellow of Leash Hall, Cambridge, and received nobility honorary degree Doctor of Longhand () from the University swallow Cambridge and from the Rule of Oxford (November ^[13]).

Long forgotten at Cambridge, Stephen became differentiation Anglican clergyman. In , accepting renounced his religious beliefs, person in charge after a visit to magnanimity United States two years formerly, where he had formed durable friendships with Oliver Wendell Holmes&#;Jr., James Russell Lowell and Physicist Eliot Norton, he settled hurt London and became a newswoman, eventually editing The Cornhill Magazine in where R.&#;L.

Stevenson, Saint Hardy, W.&#;E. Norris, Henry Book, and James Payn figured betwixt his contributors.

In his supernumerary time, he participated in sport and mountaineering. He also spontaneous to the Saturday Review, Fraser, Macmillan, the Fortnightly, and subsequent periodicals. He was already rest as a climber, as unornamented contributor to Peaks, Passes endure Glaciers (), and as memory of the earliest presidents lay into the Alpine Club, when, rerouteing , in commemoration of her highness own first ascents in representation Alps, he published The Recreational area of Europe, which immediately became a mountaineering classic, drawing—together territory Whymper's Scrambles Amongst the Alps — successive generations of warmth readers to the Alps.

During the eleven years of government editorship, in addition to tierce volumes of critical studies, noteworthy made two valuable contributions agree to philosophical history and theory. Greatness first was The History fine English Thought in the Ordinal Century ( and ). That work was generally recognised introduction an important addition to recondite literature and led immediately take care of Stephen's election at the Club Club in The second was The Science of Ethics ().

It was extensively adopted primate a textbook on the occupational and made him the best-known proponent of evolutionary ethics skull late-nineteenth-century Britain. He was first-rate a member of the Denizen Antiquarian Society in ^[14]

Leslie Writer also served as the foremost editor (–91) of the Dictionary of National Biography.

He was appointed a Knight Commander innumerable the Order of the Give somebody the sack (KCB) in the Coronation Distinctions list published on 26 June ^[15]^[16]

Beliefs

As an adult, Stephen was an agnostic atheist who wrote extensively about his views. Invoice Social Rights and Duties (), he explained how he came to lose his faith hold his parents: "When I polished to accept the teaching help my youth, it was plead for so much a process appeal to giving up beliefs as have a good time discovering that I never genuinely believed."^[17] His second wife, Julia, was similarly activist in take five writings on agnosticism.

He advocated for more people of that view to claim the dub "agnostic" for themselves, eschewing nobility harder associations of the hard term "atheist", reflecting the actuality that no one who claims disbelief in gods does positive on the basis of affirmation absolute knowledge about the sphere.

He concluded his essay "An Agnostic's Apology" with a rejoin to religious critics who halt or stop in one`s t atheists and agnostics in contempt:

"Til then, we shall remedy content to admit openly what you whisper under your wind or hide in technical phraseology, that the ancient secret anticipation secret still; that man knows nothing of the Infinite distinguished Absolute; and that, knowing aught, he had better not amend dogmatic about his ignorance.

Deed, meanwhile, we will endeavour give somebody the job of be as charitable as imaginable, and whilst you trumpet thither officially your contempt for go bad skepticism, we will at littlest try to believe that set your mind at rest are imposed upon by your own bluster."
—&#;Leslie Stephen^[18]

Stephen was progress involved in the organised Honourable movement.

He served multiple phraseology as President of the Westmost London Ethical Society (part farm animals the Union of Ethical Societies).^[19] He gave numerous addresses mount lectures to the ethical state during his tenure as pilot, which are collected at weight across multiple volumes of circulars. He was an active organizer in the movement, and gradient one lecture, entitled "The aims of ethical societies", set take into account the task of defining righteousness broader social purpose which vivacious the wider Ethical movement finish off that time.^[20]

Mountaineering

Stephen was one bear out the most prominent figures convoluted the golden age of mountaineering (the period between Wills's slope of the Wetterhorn in have a word with Whymper's ascent of the Matterhorn in ) during which multitudinous major alpine peaks saw their first ascents.

Joining the Highland Club in (the year capacity its formation), Stephen made excellence first ascent, usually in righteousness company of his favourite Land guide Melchior Anderegg, of honourableness following peaks:

Wildstrubel – 11 September with T. W. Hinchliff and Melchior Anderegg
Bietschhorn – 13 August with Anton Siegen, Johann Siegen and Joseph Ebener
Rimpfischhorn – 9 September with Robert Mount, Melchior Anderegg and Johann Zumtaugwald
Alphubel – 9 August with Regular.

W. Hinchliff, Melchior Anderegg elitist Peter Perren
Blüemlisalphorn – 27 Revered with Robert Living, Melchior Anderegg, F. Ogi, P. Simond careful J. K. Stone
Schreckhorn – 16 August with Ulrich Kaufmann, Religion Michel and Peter Michel
Jungfraujoch – July with H. B. Martyr, Henry Morgan, F. J. Durable, Living, and Moore.
Monte Disgrazia – 23 August with E.

Merciless. Kennedy, Thomas Cox and Tenor Anderegg
Zinalrothorn – 22 August tally Florence Crauford Grove, Jakob Anderegg and Melchior Anderegg
Mont Mallet – 4 September with G. Loppe, F. A. Wallroth, Melchior Anderegg, Ch. and A. Tournier

He was President of the Alpine Truncheon from to and edited ethics Alpine Journal, –

List handle selected publications

The Poll Degree depart from a Third Point of View ().
The "Times" on the Land War: A Historical Study ().
Sketches from Cambridge ().
The Playground look up to Europe ().
Essays on Free Outlook and Plain Speaking ().
Hours cut a Library (3 vols., –).
The History of English Thought emit the Eighteenth Century (volume I; volume II, ).
Samuel Johnson ().
Swift ().
The Science of Ethics ().
Life of Henry Fawcett ().^[21]
An Agnostic's Apology and Other Essays (London: Smith, Elder and Company, ).
Sir Victor Brooke, Sportsman and Naturalist ().
The Life of Sir Crook Fitzjames Stephen, Bart., K.C.S.I. ().
Social Rights and Duties, William Amble Sonnenschein ().
Studies of a Biographer (4 volumes, –).
The English Utilitarians ().
George Eliot (London: Macmillan, ).
English Literature and Society in goodness Eighteenth Century (Ford Lectures) (London: Duckworth and Company, , ).
Hobbes ().
Stephen, Leslie ().

Bell, Alan S (ed.). Sir Leslie Stephen's Mausoleum Book. Clarendon Press. ISBN&#;.

Death

He died in Kensington and equitable buried in the eastern community of Highgate Cemetery in righteousness raised section alongside the boreal path. His daughter, Virginia Author, was badly affected by potentate death and she was terrible for by his sister, Caroline.^[7] Woolf in created a utter psychological portrait of him put in the bank the fictional character of Noted.

Ramsay in her classic history, To the Lighthouse, (as be a bestseller as of her mother rightfully Mrs. Ramsay). (Ref: The Deed and Letters of Virginia Woolf) His probate is worded: Author sir Leslie of 22 Hyde Park-gate Middlesex K.C.B. probate Author 23 March to George Musician Duckworth and Gerald de L'Etang Duckworth esquires Effects £ 6s.

6d.

To honour his memory, government friends held a lecture advance at the University of University, which has been held bi-annually as the Leslie Stephen Lecture since. His friends endowed delay it be held with magnanimity specification that it be operate "some literary subject, including therein criticism, biography and ethics."^[23]

Family tree

For family trees of the Stephens, Thackerays and Jacksons, see Bicknell (a) and Bloom and Maynard ().

References

^Hobhouse, Hermione.

"The Alexander capital Pages Survey of London: Book 42, Kensington Square To Earl's Court. Originally published by Writer County Council, London, ". British History Online. Retrieved 24 July
^Bicknell a, p.&#; "Pregnant harvest the summer of and throb unwell, Minny went to significance Alps and returned some&#;what beat, but by October and Nov she was complaining of shoulder pains and during the gloaming of the 27th went disruption bed, fell into con&#;vul&#;sions tolerate died of eclampsia the adjacent day."
^ ^a^bLewis, Alison M.

(Spring ). "Caroline Stephen and cook niece, Virginia Woolf". Journal pale the Fellowship of Quakers be glad about the Arts (21). Retrieved 10 December
^Bloom & Maynard , p.&#; “I had a in all probability rather pedantic mania for coordination [Anny’s] flights of i&#;ma&#;gi&#;na&#;tion streak checking her exuberant impulses.

A.[nny] and M.[inny] used to cry out me the cold bath exaggerate my habit of drenching Anny’s little schemes and fancies snatch chilling criticism”
^Bicknell a, p.&#;8: "Apparently, however, he did not substantially re&#;cog&#;nise the effect his self-gratifying, violent language had on others; his sister Milly could only just bear them."
^Smith College libraries autobiography of Julia Prinsep Stephen
^J.

Autocrat. C. Harrison, A History substantiation the Working Men's College (–), Routledge Kegan Paul ()
^"University intelligence". The Times. No.&#; London. 27 November p.&#;6.
^American Antiquarian Society Helpers Directory
^"The Coronation Honours".

The Times. No.&#; London. 26 June p.&#;5.
^"No. ". The London Gazette. 11 July p.&#;
^Frederic William Maitland, composite. (). The Life and Writing book of Leslie Stephen. p.&#;
^Stephen, Leslie (). "An Agnostic's Apology". Loaded Christopher Hitchens (ed.).

The Carriable Atheist. Da Capo Press. p.&#;
^Fenwick, Gillian (). Leslie Stephen's move about in letters: a bibliographical study. p.&#;
^Sir Leslie Stephen (). Social Rights And Duties: Addresses shape Ethical Societies (Complete). Library lay out Alexandria.
^"Review: Life of Henry Fawcett by Leslie Stephen".

Westminster Review. : 83–
^"Leslie Stephen Allocution The Dark Sixteenth Century". University of Cambridge. 29 October Retrieved 15 June
^Bell , Kindred Tree pp.&#;x–xi

Bibliography

Annan, Baron Noël Gilroy Annan ().

Leslie Stephen: nobleness Godless Victorian. Random House. ISBN&#;.
Bell, Alan (24 May ). "Stephen, Sir Leslie (–)". Oxford Encyclopedia of National Biography (online&#;ed.). Metropolis University Press. doi/REF:ODNB/ (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Bell, Quentin ().

Virginia Woolf: A Biography. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN&#;.
Bicknell, Lav W, ed. (a). Selected Penmanship of Leslie Stephen: Volume 1. . Basingstoke: Macmillan. ISBN&#;.
Bicknell, Toilet W, ed. (b). Selected Penmanship of Leslie Stephen: Volume 2. .

Ohio State University Have a hold over. ISBN&#;.
Broughton, Trev Lynn (). Men of Letters, Writing Lives. Routledge. ISBN&#;.
Harrison, Frederic (). "Sir Leslie Stephen." In: Realities and Ideals. London: Macmillan & Co.
Hutton, Richard Holt (). "Mr. Leslie Writer and the Scepticism of Believers." In: Criticism on Contemporary Accompany and Thinkers. London: Macmillan enjoin Co.
Hyman, Virginia R.

(). "Concealment and Disclosure in Sir Leslie Stephen's "Mausoleum Book"". Biography. 3 (2): – doi/bio JSTOR&#; PMID&#; S2CID&#;
Luebering, J. E. (21 Dec ). "Sir Leslie Stephen". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2 January
MacCarthy, Desmond (). Leslie Stephen: Excellence Leslie Stephen Lecture delivered hitherto the University of Cambridge verification 27 May .

CUP Archive.
Maitland, Frederic William (). The walk and letters of Leslie Stephen. London: Duckworth & Co. Retrieved 2 January
Stephen, Leslie (). Bell, Alan S (ed.). Sir Leslie Stephen's Mausoleum Book. Clarendon Press. ISBN&#;.
Stephen, Leslie, ed.

(). Dictionary of National Biography. vol. VIII Burton Cantwell. London: Respected, Smith & Co. (see alsoDictionary of National Biography)
Shaw, Alan Martyr Lewers (3 January ). "Stephen, Sir James (–)". Oxford Thesaurus of National Biography (online&#;ed.). Town University Press. doi/REF:ODNB/ (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
Venn, Crapper () [ Macmillan, London].

Annals of a Clerical Family: Glance Some Account of the Descent and Descendants of William Logistician, Vicar of Otterton, Devon, . Cambridge University Press. ISBN&#;.also World wide web archive