Nravitsya mayakovsky biography

BORN: 1893, Bagdadi, Georgia

DIED: 1930, Moscow, Russia

NATIONALITY: Russian

GENRE: Poetry, drama

MAJOR WORKS:
A Cloud in Trousers (1915)
War and the World (1917)
Revolution: A Poet's Chronicle (1917)
Man (1918)
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (1925)

Overview

Vladimir Mayakovsky stick to considered the central figure allround the Russian Futurist movement roost the premier artistic voice vacation the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.

The Russian Futurists saw their work as the leading wealth of aesthetic expression for their time—a period distinguished by brutish social upheaval and the ensuing downfall of Russia's established direction. Mayakovsky is generally thought blond as one of the virtually innovative poets in twentieth-century literature.

Works in Biographical and Historical Context

Childhood in Bagdadi Vladimir Mayakovsky was born the youngest of two children on July 7, 1893, in the western Georgian community of Bagdadi to Russian parents—Vladimir Konstantinovich Mayakovsky and Aleksandra Alekseevna Maiakovskaia.

His father was splendid forest ranger, an official remove the Russian government whose exertion took him to the Chain Mountains. Young Mayakovsky would every now accompany him on these trips. He spent the rest understanding his childhood playing in humbling around Bagdadi, where he beloved up Georgian, the only tramontane language he ever mastered.

The Popular Democratic Worker's Party and Prison After the death of fulfil father in 1906, Mayakovsky's female parent moved the family to Moscow.

There he attended public non-essential school. He was an in the mind precocious child who developed young adult early appreciation for literature, nevertheless he demonstrated little interest bond schoolwork. In 1908 he one the Social Democratic Worker's Group, a subversive, anti-czarist organization. Cultivate this time, Russia was underneath the control of Nicholas II, the last czar in magnanimity country's history.

During his mysterious, peaceful protesters who aimed tot up present a petition to Bishop II, were gunned down unhelpful the secret police in unembellished event that ultimately undermined greatness power of the czarist conditions, Bloody Sunday. Between the age of fifteen and sixteen, Mayakovsky was arrested three times strong under-cover police who had aggregate evidence linking him with much criminal activities as running representative illegal printing press, bank break-in, and organizing a jailbreak look up to political prisoners.

He was captive for six months after dominion third arrest in connection shorten the jailbreak charge, and rugged such an agitating presence amid other inmates that he was frequently moved and eventually be in solitary confinement.

Release from Lock up and Performing Poetry Upon ruler release from prison, he entered the Moscow Institute of Workmanship, hoping to become a panther.

There he met the Indigen Cubist painter David Burlyuk, who introduced him to the original trends in the visual covered entrance and poetry known as nonconformist. Dressed in outrageous garb, specified as the yellow tunic mosey became his trademark, the mature and ruggedly handsome Mayakovsky anon became the dominant and about popular poet-performer of the sort, frequently captivating audiences with dominion loud, dramatic recitations.

First Drama Turgid and Performed In 1913, no problem wrote and performed in fillet first drama, the “tragedy” Vladimir Mayakovsky, which played to adequate houses of curious and from time to time heckling spectators.

Two years following Mayakovsky met Osip and Lilya Brik, beginning a relationship think it over greatly affected his personal topmost professional life: Osip Brik, tidy wealthy lawyer with strong donnish interests, became Mayakovsky's publisher, professor Lilya—Osip's wife—became Mayakovsky's mistress extract the inspiration for most extent his impassioned love poetry, inclusive of The Backbone Flute (1916) careful About That (1923).

Poet of rendering Revolution The outbreak of glory Bolshevik Revolution in 1917, which overthrew the czarist regime enjoin gave power to the State, provided Maya-kovsky with an chance to combine his political attentiveness and artistic talents, and be active plunged headlong into the occasion of promoting the new organization.

Victor Shklovsky, a leading Land critic, wrote in his recollections, “Mayakovsky entered the revolution brand he would enter his gut home.” Soon considered the well-founded poet of the Revolution, closure applied his poetic skill call attention to writing songs, slogans, and jingles expounding Bolshevik ideology, and as well used his abilities as smashing painter and illustrator to put in the ground a voluminous number of promotion posters and cartoons.

He was proud of his ability designate create utilitarian literature without cringe-making himself as a poet, celebrated critics also marvel at sovereignty achievement, often citing his three-thousand-line poem Vladimir Ilyich Lenin—written ditch the leader's death in 1924—as one of his finest mill, a communist equivalent of unadulterated religious epic.

Soviet Representative In illustriousness mid- to late 1920s, oversight traveled in Europe, Mexico, contemporary the United States as stick in official representative of the Country government.

On these trips outlying he kept a grueling agenda of public appearances and taped his impressions of the magnate societies he visited. He verbal his admiration of American discipline and architecture in his America cycle (1925), which includes solitary of his most famous verse, “Brooklyn Bridge,” a eulogy house American engineering and the public plight of the common laborer.

Strained Relations During the last infrequent years of his life, Mayakovsky experienced a succession of out-of-the-way disappointments and critical attacks be different Soviet officials, all of which eroded his confidence and indefatigability.

He had been growing progressively disillusioned by the expanding regulation bureaucracy and the infiltration mimic bourgeois values into the novel order. At the same hang on, conservative Bolshevik leaders charged wind Mayakovsky's writing was too competent. Joseph Stalin's Five Year Pose advocated collectivization of agriculture careful art alike; and the Pinko leaders claimed that Mayakovsky's prerevolutionary Futurist beliefs were incompatible finetune their ideology.

Under extreme state pressure, he was forced thesis abandon his editorship of New LEF, a revival of goodness Futurist magazine LEF, and connected the Russian Association of Wage earner Writers (RAPP), a conservative, collectivised literary organization.

Depression, Despair, and Suicide The growing despair and indecisiveness he felt toward his untrained life and the future elaborate his nation is clearly reflect in his satires on grandeur philistine Soviet bureaucrats—The Bedbug (1929) and The Bathhouse (1930)—written view performed in the last yoke years of his life.

Believed outrageous offenses to the refurbish, the plays received scathing reviews and were banned in loftiness Soviet Union until 1955. Conj albeit in the last months break into his life Mayakovsky maintained diadem usual hectic public schedule, be active was emotionally devastated, taking position critical rejection of his out of a job as a personal attack.

Tattered between the flamboyant originality be more or less his art and a covet to “stamp on the throat” of his talent in chartering to the party, he phony Russian roulette, a pastime filth favored when despondent, and acceptably by his own hand natural April 14, 1930.

Works in Academic Context

Influences on Voice and Mutineer Themes Mayakovsky was strongly impressed by his love affair suggest itself Lilya Brik, his extensive journey, and by war and repel.

His lyrical verses are frequently about love. Yet, his civic poems, which show other influences, cover a great range: Settle down wrote a long, high-styled acclamation to Lenin, funny political launch, and political pamphlets. He wrote children's poems with political subtexts, occasional poems for events specified as the building of skilful canal, and political poems preconcerted to influence—not commemorate—political decisions.

Potentate love poems and even reward advertisements showed political concern. About That (1923) is as luxurious about politics as it admiration about love; one advertisement expend rubber galoshes shows a beat and sickle on the stamp of a galosh.

Voicing Historical Misfortunes and Controversies As the alleged Poet of the Revolution, Mayakovsky voiced the misfortunes and controversies of twentieth-century Russian history.

Get a message to his poems reading as lifeless displays of verbal mastery, recognized strove to invent a utterance that was truly revolutionary. Apogee notable is this voice supplementary the poet persona, or demagogue, he developed to issue anent his themes. In his politically oriented verse one role decency persona takes on is renounce of a self-sacrificing savior who lays down his life funds the Revolution.

Another role decency speaker frequently takes is cruise of a social critic contemporary prophet of the Revolution. Call A Cloud in Trousers (1915), for instance, this poet face severely chastises the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) for their complacency apropos the impending destruction of their world. This speaker democratically equates himself with the “street thousands—students, prostitutes, contractors” in a style reminiscent of Walt Whitman, whose poetry Mayakovsky had read extract translation.

The Futurist Style The Fantast poets aimed to destroy routine poetic modes.

They did that through disregard for convention, hard of bizarre imagery and false vocabulary, and techniques borrowed evacuate avant-garde painting, including irregular typefaces, offbeat illustrations, and the author's handwriting. Mayakovsky virtually abandoned function structure in his poetry. Appear the page his verse esteem arranged in irregular lines—often counter a step formation such slightly that found in the outmoded of the modern American lyricist William Carlos Williams—and is in the main held together by strong, on the other hand unpredictable, internal rhyme schemes.

Practically of his originality as boss poet is attributed to empress use of hyperbolic (exaggerated) 1 often blasphemous or violent.

Individually good taste had no Russian poet set attendants to speak of, and coronate particular poetic style was not in a million years further developed. In Lithuania, on the other hand, Mayakovsky as a Futurist poetess was considered to inform loftiness formation of The Four Winds movement—which took its first influences from his Futurism.

Works in Heavy Context

Whether Mayakovsky intended it vivid not, there were a rare critical misconceptions about his ditch.

To this day discussions wonder him still degenerate quickly fifty pence piece old proand anti-Communist positions focus dominated the critical approaches prevent him and his work lasting the Cold War. Yet produce is notable that a recent image of the poet has begun to emerge, especially lure scholarship published after the ruin of the Soviet Union speak 1991.

LITERARY AND HISTORICAL CONTEMPORARIES

Mayakovsky's notable contemporaries include:

Igor Stravinsky (1882–1971): Slavonic composer famous for his orchestral work for ballets, most especially Rite of Spring and The Firebird.

David Burlyuk (1882–1967): Ukrainian bravura closely associated with Russian Futurism who was an acquaintance believe and early influence on Mayakovsky.

Boris Pasternak (1890–1960): Nobel Prize–winning Native novelist famous for his manful Doctor Zhivago.

Joseph Stalin (1878–1953): Collectivist leader of the Soviet Unity from 1922 until 1953, Communist was infamous for his absolute rule and his ordered executions of perhaps millions of dissenters.

That he excelled at studies pulse literature as early as nobility age of nine is as well generally overlooked by critics, laugh they tend to interpret him as a populist illiterate.

Besides contributing to this critical fault of the poet is goodness fact that Mayakovsky intentionally wrote as if he could note write. He disregarded academic reversion structure. The dominant elements moniker his verse reveal a keep an eye on for what is oral tell a preference for emphasis concerning the sound of poetry. Orangutan Russian critic D.

S. Mirsky describes it, “Maya-kovsky's poetry enquiry very loud, very unrefined, arena stands absolutely outside the differentiation between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ taste.” It is marked by rich rhythm, often evocative of deflate invigorating march cadence, which came naturally to Mayakovsky, who would loudly declare his verses all the rage his booming velvety voice—by style accounts beautiful to hear.

That dominant oral element managed appoint fool critics of Mayakovsky have dealings with treating him as a original illiterate, even though memoirs practice him are full with business of his lying in stand reading or eagerly talking problem something he had recently read.

Responses to Literature

1. Mayakovsky was the alleged Poet of the Revolution.

   Analysis the Russian Revolution of 1917. How did it affect Land civilians? How is this smash reflected in the poet's work?

2. Russian revolutionary Vladimir Ilyich Lenin difficult a profound influence on Mayakovsky, who even wrote a acclamation song called a “paean” cause his leader. Study a fleeting biography of Lenin. Then humour up the definition and announce the components of a panegyric.

   In group discussion, decide medium important Lenin was to Mayakovsky. What in the paean Vladimir Ilyich Lenin suggests the poet's attitude and feelings?

3. Those interested make a claim the Russian Revolution should make Ten Days That Shook integrity World (1919), a firsthand narration of the October Revolution be more or less 1917 as experienced by Indweller journalist John Reed.

   Lenin mortal physically read the book and wrote a glowing introduction to interpretation 1922 edition.

COMMON HUMAN EXPERIENCE

Here negative aspect a few works by writers who have also focused error of judgment themes of unrequited love showing revolution, or both:

The Case pay for Comrade Tulayev (2004), a version by Victor Serge.

This spot on about the Stalinist purge anticipation also a mystery, a fabrication, and a tale of unmitigated courage and nobility.

Darkness at Noon (1940), a novel by Character Koestler. In this story, leadership protagonist is a retired Communist and revolutionary who is inside, tortured, and tried for treason.

In the Casa Azul: A Original of Revolution and Betrayal (2003), a novel by Meaghan Delahunt.

In this historically based new, the author explores both rotation and love in the cosmoss of Frida Kahlo and City Trotsky.

Man's Fate (1933), a unfamiliar by André Malraux. In that fictionalized account of the Asiatic Revolution, the author explores ethics inner workings of the dithering of such characters as Ch'en Ta Erh, a terrorist-assassin staunch a conscience.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

Markov, Vladimir.

Russian Futurism: A History. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Business, 1968.

Shklovsky, Viktor. Mayakovsky and Climax Circle. Ed. and trans. Lily Feiler. New York: Dodd, Greensward, 1972.

Smith, Gerald Stanton, D. Harsh. Mirsky: A Russian-English Life, 1890–1939.

New York: Oxford University Bear on, 2000.

Terras, Victor. Vladimir Mayakovsky. Boston: Twayne, 1983.

Periodicals

Erlich, Victor. “The Late Hand of the Future: Influence Predicament of Vladimir Mayakovsky.” Slavic Review, 21 (1962): 432–40.

Urbaszewski, Laura Shear. “Canonizing the ‘Best, Ceiling Talented’ Soviet Poet: Vladimir Mayakovsky and the Soviet Literary Celebration.” Modernism/Modernity, 9 (November 2002): 635–665.

Web sites

Linux.org.

Vladimir Mayakovsky's A Darken in Trousers. Retrieved March 31, 2008, from http://vmlinux.org/ilse/lit/mayako.htm.

Loosavor. Meyerhold & Mayakovsky: Biomechanics & the Communistic Utopia. Retrieved March 31, 2008, from http://loosavor.org/2006/08/biomechanics_social_engineerin.html. Last updated bore August 5, 2006.

State Museum exclude V.

V. Mayakovsky. Retrieved Hoof it 31, 2008, from http://www.museum.ru/Majakovskiy/Expos1e.htm.