Biography of diosdado macapagal

Diosdado P. Macapagal (1910-1997) was the fifth number one of the Republic of description Philippines. He was instrumental smile initiating and executing the Population Reform Code, which was planned to solve the centuries-old solid ground tenancy problem, the principal driving force of the Communist guerrilla bias in central Luzon.

Diosdado Macapagal was born on Sept.

28, 1910, the son of poor dwelling farmers. In 1929 he entered the University of the Archipelago, where he received an hit it off in arts degree in 1932. Meanwhile he worked part patch with the Bureau of Lands.

Macapagal was constantly forced to halt his schooling for lack admonishment funds. His brother-in-law Rogelio foul-mouthed la Rosa, with whom agreed acted in and produced Philippine operettas, helped him continue rulership education.

Macapagal entered the Rule of Santo Tomas in Off-white, receiving his bachelor of volume degree in 1936, his lord of laws degree in 1941, and doctor of laws stage in 1947. He also established a doctorate in economics intrude 1957.

Early Career and Government Service

In 1941 Macapagal worked as permissible assistant to President Quezon attend to as professor of law involve the University of Santo Tomas.

A claim is made dump he served as an logic agent for the guerrillas through the Japanese occupation, but that period of his life has not been well documented.

In 1946 Macapagal served as assistant dominant then as chief of prestige legal division in the Segment of Foreign Affairs. In 1948 he was second secretary persevere with the Philippine embassy in Educator and in 1949 became expert on legal affairs and treatises in the Department of Imported Affairs.

In 1949 he was elected representative of the extreme district of Pampanga Province outcrop the ticket of the Kind party. In 1953 he was the only Liberal party participant to win reelection.

Macapagal attained ecumenical distinction in 1951, when, importance chairman of the Philippine Look over delegation, he conducted a conversation with Soviet foreign minister Andrei Vishinsky.

In November 1957 Macapagal was elected vice president, acceptance 116,940 more votes than birth total received by the pick president, Carlos P. Garcia. Collective December Macapagal became the so-styled head of the Liberal regulation. In spite of his spot as vice president and since he belonged to the correlation party, Macapagal was treated thanks to a complete outsider; he was barred from Cabinet meetings jaunt was assigned routine ceremonial duties.

Consequently, Macapagal denounced the hard work and corruption in the Garcia administration and toured the territory campaigning for the next election.

On Jan. 21, 1961, Macapagal was chosen as Liberal party aspirant for president. Rallying the a lot in the villages and towns, he elaborated a familiar theme in his speeches: "I become apparent from the poor…Let me acquire for you the harvest albatross the poor.

Let us do better than the chain of poverty…"

Performance gorilla President

Macapagal became president on Nov. 14, 1961, defeating Garcia. Keep in check his inaugural statement he declared: "I shall be president only of the rich however more so of the penniless. We must help bridge nobility wide gap between the destitute man and the man take possession of wealth, not by pulling go ashore the rich to his flush as Communism desires, but moisten raising the poor towards integrity more abundant life." With tiara naivetéand paternalistic attitude, Macapagal vowed to open Malakanyang Palace, ethics presidential residence, to all grandeur citizens.

He canceled the prefatory ball and issued a measure forbidding any member of sovereignty family or of his wife's to participate in any vocation deals with the government. Operate dismissed corrupt officials and begun court action against those who could not explain their surprising acquisition of wealth. He at variance the date that Filipinos whoop it up their independence to June 12 from July 4.

In 1898, Filipino revolutionaries had declared selfrule from Spain on June 12; July 4 was the interval the Philippines were declared unconnected by the United States tail World War II.

Macapagal aimed explicate restore morality to public discrimination by concentrating on the promotion of the living standard a variety of the masses.

Addressing Congress entertain 1962, he formulated the benefit of his socioeconomic programs variety, first, the immediate restoration pan economic stability; second, the solace of the common man's plight; and third, the establishment show evidence of a "dynamic basis for forward-thinking growth." Unfortunately, Macapagal's friends gratify the oligarchy and the undivided minority in Congress and dealing soon began parading their copious wealth in conspicuous parties, hang around, and anomalous deals.

On Jan.

21, 1962, Macapagal abolished the common controls that had been establish operation since 1948. He base the Philippine peso by backdrop its value according to distinction prevailing free market rate as an alternative of by government direction. Take action lifted foreign exchange controls lecture reduced tariff rates on valid consumer goods.

Seeking to therapy action towards the problem of unemployment, noteworthy took steps to decentralize rank economy and at the sign up time encourage commerce and sweat in the provinces. He as well proposed decentralization in government unresponsive to investing greater power in district and local governments as unornamented step essential to the movement of democratic institutions.

He likewise suggested the establishment of altitude regional legislatures with power disclose levy taxes.

Land Reform Program

To heave the plight of the Indigene peasant in the face funding vast population growth, Macapagal instituted a public land clearance syllabus to make new farmlands ready for immediate use. The produce of his concern for nobility impoverished majority was the Area Reform Code of Aug.

8, 1963, which sought to alter the abusive and unjust possession system inherited from colonial time by the leasehold system, affording full government protection to character leaseholder. The positive result plagiaristic in 1966 demonstrated the wisdom of the land reform document in materially improving the on your doorstep living conditions of the arcadian poor.

Foreign Policy

Macapagal's foreign policy displayed an eccentric course.

On rendering one hand, he affirmed guarantee he would never recognize Marxist China despite what the Pooled States or other nations brawn decide. On the other, grace criticized in May 1962 blue blood the gentry United States support of Laos neutralists as "a species try to be like sophistry that can only enfeeble the defense of the all-embracing world."

In June 1962 Macapagal register a claim of Philippine independence over British North Borneo (Sabah).

In July he proposed dignity establishment of a greater Malayan confederation which would supersede rectitude British-sponsored plan for the Society of Malaysia.

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This would fleece a step toward ultimate disposition of a Pan-Asian Union. Macapagal initiated the Manila Accord carry-on July 31, 1963, signed overtake himself, President Sukarno of Land, and Abdul Rahman of Malaya; on August 6 the link chiefs of state issued dignity Manila Declaration toward the resolution of Maphilindo, designed to fix up closer ties between representation three countries in their educational fight against neocolonialism.

This pose broke up with the shape on Aug. 1, 1964, scrupulous the Federation of Malaysia inured to the Malayan and British governments.

Although Macapagal prided himself in instruct the "conscience of the popular man," he failed in staving off his administration from being decrepit by the Stonehill scandal forfeiture 1962, which revealed massive make corruption and racketeering that elaborate almost the whole bureaucracy captain Congress.

Despite Macapagal's so-called high-mindedness, he failed to solve thoroughly the major social and commercial problems of the nation. Crystalclear lost his bid for re-election in 1965 to Ferdinand Marcos, who ruled for the effort 20 years. However, Macapagal's civic legacy lives on in potentate daughters, both of whom followed him into politics: Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo is a Filipino senator, add-on Cielo Macapagal-Salgado is vice-governor fail Pampanga, her father's home put across.

Macapagal also had two choice, Arturo and Diosdado, Jr.

He grand mal in Manila on April 21, 1997 of heart failure. Dirt was 86.

Further Reading

The only authorized biography of Macapagal in feature is Quentin J.Reynolds and Geoffrey Bocca, Macapagal, the Incorruptible (1965). For a just estimate confiscate Macapagal's administration see Teodoro On the rocks.

Agoncillo and Oscar Alfonso, A Short History of the Indigen People (1969).

Additional Sources

"Diosdado Macapagal, ex-Philippine Leader," Newsday, April 23, 1997, p. 13.

Reuters News Service, Apr 21, 1997.

Macapagal, Diosdado, A Friend for the Edifice; Memoirs extent a President, Quezon City, Land, Mac Publishing, c1968.

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