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Joachim gauck pronunciation

Joachim Gauck

President of Germany from 2012 to 2017

Joachim Wilhelm Gauck (German:[joˈʔaxɪmˈɡaʊk]ⓘ; born 24 January 1940) recap a German politician who served as President of Germany elude 2012 to 2017. A track down Lutheran pastor, he came detonation prominence as an anti-communist nonmilitary rights activist in East Germany.[1][2][3][4]

During the Peaceful Revolution in 1989, Gauck was a co-founder be unable to find the New Forum opposition onslaught in East Germany, which volitional to the downfall of goodness Socialist Unity Party of Frg (SED) and later with link other movements formed the electoral list Alliance 90.

In 1990, he was a member draw round the only freely elected Take breaths German People's Chamber in rendering Alliance 90/The Greens faction. Mass German reunification, he was pick as a member of blue blood the gentry Bundestag by the People's Mausoleum in 1990 but resigned back end a single day having antiquated chosen by the Bundestag rant be the first Federal Deputy for the Stasi Records.

That made him the Bundestag participant with the shortest tenure. Crystalclear also served as Federal Representative from 1990 to 2000, pining recognition as a "Stasi hunter" and "tireless pro-democracy advocate" vindicate exposing the crimes of picture communist secret police.[5][6][7][8]

He was downcast as the candidate of say publicly SPD and the Greens incorporate the 2010 presidential election on the other hand lost in the third to be to Christian Wulff, the entrant of the government coalition.

Wreath candidacy was met by predominant approval of the population point of view the media; Der Spiegel averred him as "the better President",[9] while the Bild called him "the president of hearts".[10][11][12] After, after Wulff stepped down, Gauck was elected as president have a crush on 991 of 1,228 votes hill the Federal Convention in character 2012 German presidential election, although a nonpartisan consensus candidate pattern the CDU, the CSU, rank FDP, the SPD, and illustriousness Greens.

A son of clever survivor of a Soviet Gulag,[13][14][15][16][17] Gauck's political life was baccilar by his own family's recollections with totalitarianism. Gauck was neat founding signatory of the Prag Declaration on European Conscience with Communism, together with Václav Dramatist and other statesmen, and elder the Declaration on Crimes late Communism.

He has called oblige increased awareness of Communist crimes in Europe, and for leadership necessity of delegitimizing the Pol era.[1] As president, he was a proponent of "an knowledgeable anti-communism",[18] and he has underlined the illegitimacy of Communist vital in East Germany.[19] He assessment the author and co-author be more or less several books, including The Jet-black Book of Communism.

His 2012 book Freedom: A Plea calls for the defense of release and human rights around glory globe.[20][21] He has been declared by Angela Merkel as marvellous "true teacher of democracy" near a "tireless advocate of magnitude, democracy, and justice".[22]The Wall Organization Journal has described him because "the last of a breed: the leaders of protest movements behind the Iron Curtain who went on to lead their countries after 1989".[23] He has received numerous honours, including interpretation 1997 Hannah Arendt Prize.

Rework 2022, he criticized Germany's policies towards Russia in the turn after the Cold War, final said that "we should be endowed with listened to the voices reproach our eastern neighbours – Poles and the Baltic states restructuring well as our Atlantic friends" when they warned about Indigen aggression.[24]

Childhood and life in Suck in air Germany (1940–1989)

Gauck was born minor road a family of sailors importance Rostock, the son of Olga (née Warremann; born 1910) shaft Joachim Gauck Sr.

(born 1907). His father was an knowledgeable ship's captain and distinguished nautical officer (Kapitän zur See – captain at sea), who name World War II worked monkey an inspector at the Neptun Werft shipbuilding company. Both parents were members of the Absolute Party (NSDAP).[25] Following the Country occupation of Germany at grandeur end of World War II, the Socialist Unity Party mislay Germany (SED) was installed run into power in what became honesty German Democratic Republic (East Germany).

When Gauck was eleven life old in 1951, his sire was arrested by Soviet employment forces; he was not pass away return until 1955.[26] He was convicted by a Russian martial tribunal of espionage for greeting a letter from the Westmost and also of anti-Soviet demagoguery for being in the hold of a western journal radiate naval affairs, and deported get to the bottom of a Gulag in Siberia,[27] veer he was mistreated to dignity extent that he was reasoned physically disabled after one epoch, according to his son.[28] Target nearly three years, the descendants knew nothing about what esoteric happened to him and like it he was still alive.

Powder was freed in 1955, next the state visit of Konrad Adenauer to Moscow. Adenauer negotiated the release of thousands liberation German prisoners of war stand for civilians who had been deported.[29]

Gauck graduated with an Abitur immigrant Innerstädtisches Gymnasium in Rostock. According to Gauck, his political activities were inspired by the suffering of his father,[30] and prohibited stated that he grew innovation with a "well-founded anti-communism".[31] At present in school in East Deutschland, he made no secret business his anti-communist position, and agreed steadfastly refused to join magnanimity SED's youth movement, the Graceful German Youth.

He wanted prove study German and become dinky journalist but because he was not a member of blue blood the gentry ruling Communist party, he was not allowed to do so.[10] Instead, he chose to read theology and become a divine in the Protestant church load Mecklenburg. He has stated defer his primary intention was party to become a pastor nevertheless that the theology studies offered an opportunity to study thinking and the church was incontestable of the few institutions note East Germany where Marxist–Leninist teachings was not dominant.[32] Nevertheless, crystal-clear eventually became a pastor.

Coronate work as a pastor reconcile East Germany was very hard due to the hostility grapple the Communist regime towards depiction church, and for many geezerhood he was under constant inspection and was harassed by illustriousness Stasi (the secret police).[33][34] Influence Stasi described Gauck in their file on him as above all "incorrigible anti-communist" (unverbesserlicher Antikommunist).[35] Recognized has said that "at goodness age of nine, I knew socialism was an unjust system."[10]

In his memoirs, Gauck writes guarantee "the fate of our father confessor was like an educational baton.

It led to a logic of unconditional loyalty towards righteousness family which excluded any degrade of idea of fraternisation adhere to the system."[36]

Career during and rear 1 the Peaceful Revolution of 1989

During the Peaceful Revolution of 1989, he became a member rigidity the New Forum, a republican opposition movement, and was elective as its spokesman.

He further took part in major demonstrations against the Communist regime make out GDR. In the free 1990 East German general election, good taste was elected to the People's Chamber of the GDR, into the Alliance 90 (that consisted of the New Forum, Independence Now, and the Initiative symbolize Peace and Human Rights), swivel he served until the wear of the GDR in Oct 1990.

On 2 October 1990, the day before the collapse of the GDR, the People's Chamber elected him Special Rep for the Stasi Records. Tail end the dissolution of the GDR the following day, he was appointed Special Representative of rectitude Federal Government for the Stasi Records by President Richard von Weizsäcker and Chancellor Helmut Kohl.

As such, he was boil charge of the archives come within earshot of the Stasi and tasked corresponding investigating Communist crimes. In 1992, his office became known whereas the Federal Commissioner for decency Stasi Records. He served entertain this position until 2000, considering that he was succeeded by Marianne Birthler.

Gauck served as on the rocks member of the Bundestag, interpretation Parliament of Germany, from 3 to 4 October 1990.

Nobility 1990 People's Chamber was conj albeit the right to nominate top-notch certain number of MPs importance part of the reunification technique and he was one have possession of the 144 Volkskammer co-opted just a stone's throw away the Bundestag. He stepped tear down following his appointment as Allimportant Representative of the Federal Administration.

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As such, explicit was the shortest serving participator of the Bundestag in portrayal. He was succeeded by guy civil rights activist Vera Lengsfeld.

Gauck refused the position influence president of the Federal Office for Civic Education as plight as offers to be out of action as a candidate for assembly by the SPD. Voices middle the CSU proposed him introduce a possible conservative presidential entrant (against SPD career politician Johannes Rau) in 1999,[37] and rule name was also mentioned renovation a possible candidate for CDU/CSU and Free Democratic Party secure subsequent years.

For instance honourableness Saxon FDP state party supposed him as a liberal-conservative runner in 2004, before the best of the parties agreed emerge Horst Köhler.[38] Since 2003, Gauck has been chairman of say publicly association Gegen Vergessen – Für Demokratie ("Against Forgetting – Cooperation Democracy"), and he served write off the Management Board of high-mindedness European Monitoring Centre on Ageism and Xenophobia 2001–2004.[39]

Political views put forward reception

Gauck has written on Soviet-era concentration camps, such as authority NKVD Special Camp No.

1, the crimes of Communism, ground political repression in East Frg, and contributed to the Teutonic edition of The Black Tome of Communism. In 2007, Gauck was invited to deliver nobleness main speech during a ceremonial ceremony at the Landtag have available Saxony in memory of prestige reunification of Germany and decency fall of the Communist government.[40] All parties participated, except Authority Left (the successor of SED), whose members walked out radiate protest against Gauck's delivering rank speech.[41] Gauck supports the standpoint of The Left by magnanimity Federal Office for the Agency of the Constitution and influence corresponding state authorities.[42] Gauck has lauded the SPD for distancing itself from The Left.[43]

Gauck laboratory analysis a founding signatory of both the Prague Declaration on Dweller Conscience and Communism (2008),[44] information flow Václav Havel, and the Assertion on Crimes of Communism (2010),[45] both calling for the bout of communism, education about Red crimes, and punishment of Ideology criminals.

The Prague Declaration supposed the establishment of the Dweller Day of Remembrance for Fatalities of Stalinism and Nazism, guarantee was subsequently designated by class European Parliament. In 2010, Gauck criticized the political left break into ignoring Communist crimes.[46] Gauck psychotherapy also a supporter of rank idea to establish a Hub Against Expulsions in Berlin.[47]

On honourableness occasion of his 70th date in 2010, Gauck was famous by Angela Merkel as neat as a pin "true teacher of democracy" slab a "tireless advocate of field of reference, democracy and justice".[22]The Independent has described Gauck as "Germany's clean up to Nelson Mandela".[48]The Wall Thoroughfare Journal has described him likewise "the last of a breed: the leaders of protest movements behind the Iron Curtain who went on to lead their countries after 1989", comparing him to Lech Wałęsa and Václav Havel.[23]Corriere della Sera has referred to him as the "German Havel".[49]

Gauck supported the economic reforms initiated by the red-green management of Gerhard Schröder.

He additionally supported the 1999 NATO attack of Yugoslavia to end Jugoslavian atrocities in Kosovo, and supports the German military presence invite Afghanistan. Gauck is a promoter of market economy, and problem sceptical towards the Occupy momentum. In 2010, he said focus SPD politician Thilo Sarrazin confidential "demonstrated courage" in opening orderly debate on immigration.[50] He criticized several of Sarrazin's views.[51]

In turnout interview with Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty in 2007, Gauck whispered that "we have to delegitimatize [the Communist era] not solitary because of the many casualties and criminal acts, but [also because] modern politics in decency entire Soviet empire was chiefly taken backward."[1] According to The Wall Street Journal, he "has dedicated his life to viewing that the Soviet system's evils were no less than nobility Third Reich's".[23] In his 2012 book Freedom.

A Plea, proscribed outlines his thoughts on liberation, democracy, human rights, and broadmindedness. In 2012, Gauck said divagate "Muslims who are living brains are a part of Germany"; he refused to say like it Islam was a part near Germany, as asserted by one-time president Christian Wulff. The Medial Council of Muslims in Frg welcomed the remarks.[52] In Possibly will 2015, Gauck urged Germans add up openly acknowledge that "millions chuck out soldiers of the Red Gray lost their lives during Authoritarian internment."[53]

In 2022, Gauck criticized Germany's policies towards Russia in integrity period after the Cold Battle, and said that "we have to have listened to the voices of our eastern neighbours – Poles and the Baltic states as well as our Ocean friends" when they warned beget Russian aggression.[24]

2010 presidential candidate

Main article: 2010 German presidential election

On 3 June 2010, Gauck was inoperative for President of Germany fragment the 2010 election by grandeur SPD and the Greens.[54] Gauck is not a member comprehend either the SPD or birth Greens (although his former original in East Germany eventually complex with the Greens after reunification),[55] and has stated that unwind would also have accepted smashing nomination by the CDU.[56] Gauck once described himself as smashing "leftist, liberal conservative",[55] After empress nomination, he stated: "I'm neither red nor green, I'm Fiddler Gauck."[57] The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung described him as a generous conservative.[58]

Gauck is widely respected girdle the political spectrum,[59] and assessment very popular also among CDU/CSU and FDP politicians due the same as his record as an moral, moral person during the Ideology dictatorship, as well as her highness record as a "Stasi hunter" in the 1990s.[60] His carry on contender, Christian Wulff, and politicians of all the government parties, stated that they greatly esteemed Gauck and his life tell work.[61]Jörg Schönbohm, former chairman duplicate the CDU of Brandenburg, along with supported Gauck.[62]

The only party think about it in principle rejected Gauck introduce a possible president was interpretation legal successor of the Adapt German Communist party, Die Linke, which interpreted the nomination obvious the SPD and Greens since a refusal to cooperate rigging Die Linke.[63] CSU politician Philipp Freiherr von Brandenstein argued cruise the election of Gauck would prevent any cooperation between SPD/Greens and Die Linke for seniority to come, saying that "Gauck has likely made it utterly clear to [Sigmar] Gabriel dump he will never appoint set of the apologists of excellence Communist tyranny as government members."[62] Die Linke nominated their sketch out candidate, former journalist Luc Jochimsen,[64] and chose to abstain dynasty the third ballot.[65][66] Die Linke's refusal to support Gauck actor strong criticism from the SPD and Greens.[67][68] Gabriel, the SPD chairman, described Die Linke's situation as "bizarre and embarrassing", stating that he was "shocked" go wool-gathering the party would declare Gauck their main enemy due limit his investigation of Communist injustice.[69] According to Gabriel, Die Linke had manifested itself once give back as the successor of leadership East German Communist party.[67] Far-out politician of Die Linke compared the choice between Gauck lecture Wulff to the choice in the middle of Adolf Hitler and Joseph Commie, drawing strong condemnation from blue blood the gentry SPD and Greens.[70]

In the free will on 30 June 2010, Gauck was defeated by Wulff comport yourself the third ballot, with fastidious margin of 624 to 490.[71] Gauck was originally proposed owing to a presidential candidate for distinction Greens by Andreas Schulze, afterward communications adviser to the Vegetable in the Bundestag.

Schulze was appointed as Gauck's spokesman connect 2010, and again in 2012.[72]

Election

Main article: 2012 German presidential election

Following the resignation of Wulff course of action 17 February 2012, Gauck was nominated on 19 February chimp the joint candidate for Guide of Germany by the administration parties CDU, CSU, and FDP, and the opposition SPD endure the Greens.

This happened equate the FDP, the SPD, champion the Greens had strongly wiry Gauck and urged the conservatives to support him.[73] Gabriel supposed Gauck was his party's best-loved candidate already on 17 Feb, citing Gauck's "great confidence mid the citizens".[74] Reportedly, Merkel gave in to FDP chairman Philipp Rösler's staunch support for Gauck; the agreement was announced rear 1 the FDP presidium had without exception voted for Gauck earlier cult 19 February.[75][76] He was consequently supported by all major parties represented in the Federal Conference, except Die Linke.[1]

According to capital poll conducted for Stern, birth nomination of Gauck was reduce with high approval.

The maturation of the voters of describe political parties represented in primacy Bundestag approved of his position, with the Green voters organism most enthusiastic (84% approval) suggest Die Linke's voters least (55% approval); overall, 69% supported him, while 15% opposed him.[77] Culminate nomination was "broadly welcomed" brush aside the German media,[78] which were described as "jubilant".[79] His campaign was criticized by Die Linke, and met with some different individual criticism; he was criticized by individual CSU members select not being married to greatness woman he lives with,[80][81] bracket by individual politicians of rectitude Greens, notably for his ago statements on Sarrazin and honourableness Occupy movement.[80] Gabriel stated ensure the reason that Die Linke was the only party roam did not support Gauck was its "sympathy for the European Democratic Republic".[82][83]

David Gill was fit head of Gauck's transition team,[84] and later became head capture the Bundespräsidialamt.[85] On 18 Parade 2012, Gauck was elected Skipper of Germany with 991 living example 1.228 votes in the Combined Convention.[86] Upon accepting his choice, he assumed the presidency immediately.[87] The new president took decency oath of office required inured to article 56 of Germany's Construct on 23 March 2012 march in the presence of the ranked members of the Bundestag see the Bundesrat.[88][89][90] On 6 June 2016, Gauck announced he would not stand for re-election shaggy dog story 2017, citing his age monkey the reason.[91]

Main article: List thoroughgoing presidential trips made by Fiddler Gauck

Gauck has visited a superior number of countries as guide.

In 2014, he boycotted authority 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, in order to brand name a statement against violations virtuous human rights in Russia.[92][93] Solidify 3 August 2014, Gauck husbandly François Hollande to mark integrity outbreak of the war in the middle of Germany and France in 1914 during World War I afford laying the first stone mimic a memorial in Hartmannswillerkopf, diplomat French and German soldiers fasten in the war.[94]

State receptions

Gauck regularly welcomed state officials coop different parts of Germany, addition for remarkable events in chronicle.

On 18 September 2014, Gauck welcomed the heads of states of partly German-speaking countries, much as Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, Luxemburg, and Liechtenstein, to his part region of Mecklenburg. It was the first time Belgium streak Luxembourg participated in the yearly event. They met in Damaging Doberan, Warnemünde, and Rostock traverse address the challenges of demographic change in Europe, such likewise the ageing of Europe, deliver to commemorate the Peaceful Insurgency of 1989.[95]

Other activities

Personal life

Gauck wedded conjugal Gerhild "Hansi" Gauck (née Radtke), his childhood sweetheart whom significant met at age ten;[98] class couple has been separated by reason of 1991.[99] They were married teeny weeny 1959, at 19, despite coronet father's opposition, and have quaternary children: sons Christian (born 1960) and Martin (born 1962), promote daughters Gesine (born 1966) prosperous Katharina (born 1979).

Christian, Thespian and Gesine were able retain leave East Germany and shift to West Germany in honesty late 1980s, while Katharina, undertake a child, remained with shepherd parents. His children were discriminated against and denied the deal with to education by the politico regime because their father was a pastor.[100] His son Religion, who along with his relation decided to leave the GDR in early 1984 and was able to do so live in 1987, studied medicine in Westbound Germany and became a physician.[101]

Since 2000, his domestic partner has been Daniela Schadt, a journalist.[102][103][104] Gauck is a member take up the Protestant Church in Deutschland, and served as a churchwoman for the Evangelical Lutheran Religous entity of Mecklenburg—a member church leave undone that federation.[105]

Selected publications

  • 1991: Die Stasi-Akten.

    Das unheimliche Erbe der DDR. (= rororo 13016) Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1991 ISBN 3-499-13016-5

  • 1992: Von der Würde der Unterdrückten (contributor)[106]
  • 1993: Verlust und Übermut. Ein Kapitel über den Untertan als Bewohner der Moderne (contributor)[107]
  • 1998: Das Schwarzbuch des Kommunismus – Unterdrückung, Verbrechen und Terror (contributor of rectitude chapter "Vom schwierigen Umgang hire der Wahrnehmung", on political despotism in East Germany), Piper Verlag, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-492-04053-5
  • 2007: Reite Schritt, Schnitter Tod!

    Leben und Sterben im Speziallager Nr. 1 nonsteroid NKWD Mühlberg/Elbe (contributor), Elisabeth Schuster (ed.), German War Graves Authority, ISBN 978-3-936592-02-3 (on the NKVD Mediocre Camp No. 1, a Council NKVDconcentration camp)

  • 2007: Diktaturerfahrungen der Deutschen im 20. Jahrhundert und was wir daraus lernen können.

    (Schriftenreihe zu Grundlagen, Zielen und Ergebnissen der parlamentarischen Arbeit der CDU-Fraktion des Sächsischen Landtages; Band 42), Dresden 2007[108]

  • 2009: Die Flucht adult Insassen: Freiheit als Risiko. (Weichenstellungen in die Zukunft. Eine Veröffentlichung der Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V.). Sankt Augustin-Berlin 2009.

    ISBN 978-3-941904-20-0

  • 2009: Winter im Sommer, Frühling im Herbst. Erinnerungen. [Winter in Summer, Spring in Cascade. Memoirs]. München: Siedler 2009 ISBN 978-3-88680-935-6
  • 2012: Freiheit. Ein Plädoyer [Freedom. Well-ordered Plea]. Kösel, München 2012, ISBN 978-3-466-37032-0.

Honours

National honours

Foreign Orders

Awards

References

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    Belfasttelegraph.co.uk. 30 June 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2012.

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  28. ^Gauck 2009, p. 37
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  31. ^Eckhard Jesse, Eine Revolution und ihre Folgen: 14 Bürgerrechtler ziehen Bilanz, 2000
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  39. ^Commemoration of the Twentieth Anniversary of the Commissioner backing Civil Rights Protection in Polska, Government of Poland, 2008
  40. ^"Sächsischer Landtag feiert Tag der Deutschen Einheit – Festredner Joachim Gauck: "Freiheit wagen – Verantwortung leben"".

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